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Aunque el reglamento correspondiente aún no se ha publicado, los Estados miembros de la UE ya llegaron a un acuerdo en mayo sobre el contenido del reglamento relativo a los límites para el MOAH y los valores de referencia para el MOSH.
Los hidrocarburos de aceite mineral (MKW) proceden de productos derivados del petróleo. Su presencia en los alimentos se debe, por lo general, a una contaminación involuntaria durante el procesamiento, el envasado o por influencias ambientales.
Los hidrocarburos de petróleo (HCP) se clasifican habitualmente en dos grupos principales: MOAH (hidrocarburos aromáticos de petróleo) y MOSH (hidrocarburos saturados de petróleo). Los MOSH son hidrocarburos saturados de petróleo y constituyen uno de los grupos de hidrocarburos de petróleo, que pueden ser ramificados o lineales y presentan longitudes de cadena de entre 10 y 50 átomos de carbono aproximadamente.
Los MOAH son compuestos que presentan un sistema de anillos aromáticos formado por uno o varios anillos. A menudo están unidos a una o varias cadenas, ramificadas o lineales, de hidrocarburos saturados. El grupo de compuestos MOAH es muy amplio. Sin embargo, el riesgo para la salud en caso de ingestión por parte de personas (y animales) no es el mismo para todos los compuestos. No obstante, se sabe por diversos estudios que los efectos mutagénicos y la carcinogenicidad se correlacionan con el número de anillos aromáticos: a partir de tres o más anillos, el riesgo aumenta.
Además, se agrupan otras fracciones de aceite mineral: entre ellas se encuentran los hidrocarburos poliolefínicos, oligoméricos y saturados (POSH), que suelen estar presentes en plásticos como el polietileno y el polipropileno. A través de los envases de lámina, los POSH pueden pasar en trazas a los alimentos. Las PAO (polialfaolefinas) son olefinas sintéticas de cadena corta. Se encuentran, por ejemplo, en disolventes o en productos lubricantes, que también se utilizan en la elaboración de alimentos. En este contexto, no siempre es posible evitar que pasen en pequeñas cantidades a los alimentos.
El 13 de mayo de 2026, la sección «Nuevos alimentos y seguridad toxicológica de la cadena alimentaria» del SCoPAFF aprobó el proyecto de reglamento sobre los niveles máximos (ML) de hidrocarburos aromáticos de aceite mineral (MOAH) en los alimentos (SAFETY/CONT/020/26).
Hasta la publicación oficial y la entrada en vigor del Reglamento, la Comisión y los Estados miembros han acordado del SCoPAFF. Con ello se pretende cubrir el período de transición.
El reglamento incluirá los siguientes valores límite:
| MOAH | Product category | Maximum residue levels for MOAH (integrated sum C10-<= C50 ) in mg/kg | ||||
| entering into force: | 01.01.2027 | 01.03.2027 | 01.01.2028 | 01.03.2029 | 01.01.2030 | |
| 5.5.2.2.1 | Groundnut, sesame, coconut and cereal germ and cereal bran oils placed on the market to the final consumer or used as an ingredient in food | 6,0 | 4,0 | 2,0 | ||
| 5.5.2.2.2 | Groundnut, sesame, coconut and cereal germ and cereal bran oils destined for further refining and are labelled as such | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.2.3.1 | Grape seed, cotton seed, blackcurrant seed and argan oil placed on the market to the final consumer or used as an ingredient in food | 10,0 | 5,0 | 2,0 | ||
| 5.5.2.3.2 | Grape seed, cotton seed, blackcurrant seed and argan oil destined for further refining and are labelled as such | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.2.4 | Olive pomace oil and refined olive pomace oil | 10,0 | 5,0 | 2,0 | ||
| 5.5.2.5.1 | Fish oils and oils from other marine organisms and algae placed on the market to the final consumer or used as an ingredient in food | 10,0 | 5,0 | |||
| 5.5.2.5.2 | Fish oils and oils from other marine organisms and algae destined for further refining and are labelled as such | 5,0 | ||||
| 5.5.2.6 | Olive oils other than those listed in 5.5.2.4 | 4,0 | 2,0 | |||
| 5.5.2.7.1 | Other oils/fats (incl. palm oil, cocoa butter, shea butter) placed on the market to the final consumer or used as an ingredient in food | 4,0 | 2,0 | |||
| 5.5.2.7.2 | Other oils/fats (incl. palm oil, cocoa butter, shea butter) destined for further refining and are labelled as such | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.2.8 | Products derived from fats and oils (containing > 80% of fats and oils) and products containing > 50% fat/oil content which only contain fats and oils listed under 5.5.2.1, 5.5.2.6 and 5.5.2.7 | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.3 | Tree nuts | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.4 | Pulses | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.5 | Cereal grains and products derived from cereals | Products derived from cereals are defined as products containing > 80% of cereal products, excluding oils derived from cereals to which the maximum levels of category 5.5.2 apply. The maximum level does not apply to cereals used for the production of beer or distillates, provided that the remaining cereal residue is not placed on the market as food. In case the remaining cereal residue is placed on the market as food, the maximum level applies, taking into account Article 3(1), (2) and (4). The fat/oil content refers to the declared fat/oil content or, in absence of a declared fat/oil content, to the fat/oil content as determined by the competent authority. |
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| 5.5.5.1 | Cereal grains | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.5.2 | Products derived from cereals with < 4% fat/oil content | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.5.3 | Products derived from cereals with ≥ 4% and ≤ 50% fat/oil content | 1,0 | ||||
| 5.5.6 | Milk (2) | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.7 | Dairy products (2) other than those listed under 5.5.2.1. |
The fat/oil content refers to the declared fat/oil content or, in absence of a declared fat/oil content, to the fat/oil content as determined by the competent authority. | ||||
| 5.5.7.1 | Products with < 4% fat/oil content | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.7.2 | Products with ≥ 4% and ≤ 50% fat/oil content | 1,0 | ||||
| 5.5.7.3 | Products with > 50% fat/oil content | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5 8 | Cocoa beans and cocoa products | |||||
| 5.5.8.1 | Cocoa beans | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.8.2 | Cocoa mass | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.8.3 | Cocoa powder and fat reduced cocoa powder | 1,0 | ||||
| 5.5.9 | Spices, dried herbs, dry tea and dry herbal infusions that are used as an ingredient in food, dry instant tea and dry instant herbal infusions | 10,0 | 5,0 | |||
| 5.5.10 | Infant formulae(3), follow-on formulae(3), young-child formulae(4), food for special medical purposes intended for infants and young children(3), baby food(3), processed cereal-based food for infants and young children(3) and drinks for infants and young children placed on the market and labelled as such. | The fat/oil content refers to the declared fat/oil content or, in absence of a declared fat/oil content, to the fat/oil content as determined by the competent authority. | ||||
| 5.5.10.1 | Products with < 4% fat/oil content | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.10.2 | Products with ≥ 4% and ≤ 50% fat/oil content | 1,0 | ||||
| 5.5.10.3 | Products with > 50% fat/oil content | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.11 | Food supplements | 10 | 5 | |||
| 5.5.12. | Food additives | No max. levels apply for food additives. Food additives that are produced from oils or fats, shall be produced from oils that comply with the maximum levels established under this Regulation for oils and fats placed on the market to the final consumer or used as an ingredient in food. |
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| 5.5.13 | Processed and compound foods which contain ingredients listed in categories 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.4, 5.5.5, 5.5.6, 5.5.7, 5.5.8, 5.5.9 and 5.5.12 and which do not fall under categories 5.5.10, 5.5.11 and 5.5.14 | The fat/oil content refers to the declared fat/oil content or, in absence of a declared fat/oil content, to the fat/oil content as determined by the competent authority. For tea and herbal infusions these maximum levels only apply to instant tea, instant herbal infusions and tea and herbal infusions that are used as an ingredient in food and not to other tea and herbal infusions. |
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| 5.5.13.1 | Products with < 4% fat/oil content | 0,50 | ||||
| 5.5.13.2 | Products with ≥ 4% and ≤ 50% fat/oil content | 1,0 | ||||
| 5.5.13.3 | Products with > 50% fat/oil content | 2,0 | ||||
| 5.5.14 | Compound foods containing ≥ 15% spices and/ or dried herbs and /or dry tea |
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| 5.5.14.1 | Compound foods containing ≥ 75% spices and/ or dried herbs and/or dry tea | 5,0 | ||||
| 5.5.14.2 | Compound foods containing ≥ 50% and < 75% spices and/ or dried herbs and/or dry tea | 3,5 | ||||
| 5.5.14.3 | Compound foods containing ≥ 15% and < 50% spices and/ or dried herbs and/or dry tea | 2,0 | ||||
| For foot notes refer to the regulation after publishing | ||||||
En el caso de los MOSH, seguirán aplicándose valores orientativos en lugar de valores máximos. Si se detectan concentraciones de MOSH superiores a los valores orientativos establecidos, los operadores del sector alimentario deberán encargar análisis adicionales para identificar posibles fuentes de contaminación.
| MOSH | Product category | Indicative level (action level) in mg/kg |
| entering into force: | 01.01.2027 | |
| Olive pomace oil, grapeseed oil, blackcurrant seed oil, cottonseed oil, cereal germ oil, safflower oil, essential oils, fish oils and oils from other marine organisms and algae and products derived from these fats and oils |
50 | |
| Animal and vegetable fats and oils other than those listed under points (a) or (c) and products derived from these fats and oils; | 30 | |
| Linseed oil, maize oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, cocoa butter, products derived from these fats and oils; spices, dried herbs, herbal infusions, food supplements |
15 | |
| Cocoa beans, cocoa and chocolate products other than cocoa butter, confectionary other than cocoa and chocolate products; Processed meat and offal; Processed fish and other seafood, processed eggs |
10 | |
|
Oilseeds, oil fruits, tree nuts, pulses, cereal grains & cereal based food, |
5 | |
| Liquid formulas and drinks for infants and young children | 1 |
SU PLUS: La tabla de valores límite para el MOAH parece, a primera vista, bastante complicada. Pero no se preocupe: los expertos de los laboratorios AGROLAB son sus socios de confianza y le ayudarán a evaluar correctamente los resultados analíticos.
Auteur: Dr. Frank Mörsberger, AGROLAB GROUP; Traducción: Dra. Isabel Gómez, AGROLAB Iberica
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